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A look at how wind chills are calculated on the prairies

Nov 11, 2018 | 11:00 AM

With cold temperatures settling in across the province, its officially wind chill season on the prairies.

Wind chill is most simply defined as a way of describing heat loss. Environment Canada developed a formula several years ago to simulate the heat loss effects.

Natalie Hasell, a meteorologist with Environment Canada, said when they decided to do these experiments, they had volunteers dressed in winter clothing with their faces exposed. They took the volunteers and put them on treadmills with facing directly to the cold and tested them in both dry and wet scenarios.

From those findings, they developed two different formulas, one for below zero with wind speeds higher than five kilometres per hour, as well as another for wind speeds between zero and five kilometres per hour. Hasell said wind chills are quite complex but come down to a simple idea about the loss of heat around your body.

“Imagine an envelope of air around you,” she said. “Your body heats up that layer, if we take that air and move it, your body then warms up that new layer of air. If that keeps happening, your body will keep heating up air that is then moved, so you’ll experience a loss of heat.”

When it comes to forecasting weather, there are a few different warnings to watch out for when it comes to the wind chill values in Saskatchewan. They range from low to extreme, which can be defined as a slight increase in discomfort to dangerous conditions in which the exposed skin can freeze in less than two minutes.

Environment Canada’s criteria for extreme cold warnings differ in southern northern Saskatchewan. 

For those warnings to be deployed in southern Saskatchewan, which includes the area around North Battleford, the temperature or wind chill must reach -40C for at least two hours. In the north, the temperature must be at -45C for at least two hours.

Hasell said this is not due to people in the north being hardier than those in the south, but rather the fact average temperatures tend to be colder.

“We’re not in winter yet – by the calendar at least,” Hasell said. “Things are expected to be colder for December to February. It’s already getting cold for this time of year. Now is a really good time to get ready for the next season, if you haven’t already.”

 

brady.lang@jpbg.ca

Twitter: @BradyLangCJNB